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Sanctuaries

14 ancient sanctuaries across 11 countries, from Varanasi (Kashi) (1,800 BCE) to St Michael's Mount (1135 CE), and the theories that connect them.

Varanasi (Kashi)
Inhabited from c. 1800 BCE · Uttar Pradesh, India

Varanasi (Kashi)

The city of light where the cosmos is said to have been founded — and where dying is a liberation.

Temple Mount / Haram al-Sharif
First Temple c. 950 BCE · Jerusalem

Temple Mount / Haram al-Sharif

The Foundation Stone: for three faiths, the point where heaven and earth are fastened together.

Delos
Sanctuary from c. 900 BCE · Cyclades, Greece

Delos

The floating island anchored so a god could be born — where no one was allowed to be born or die again.

Delphi
Oracle active c. 800 BCE–390 CE · Greece

Delphi

The navel of the ancient world, where a priestess breathed the breath of the earth and spoke for a god.

Persepolis
c. 518–330 BCE · Iran

Persepolis

The ceremonial heart of the first world empire, tuned — some argue — to the light of Nowruz.

Bodh Gaya
Enlightenment c. 500 BCE; temple c. 500 CE · Bihar, India

Bodh Gaya

The immovable spot: the patch of earth where, tradition says, all Buddhas attain awakening.

Ise Grand Shrine
c. 4 BCE (tradition); rebuilt every 20 years · Japan

Ise Grand Shrine

A shrine two thousand years old and never more than twenty — eternity achieved by perpetual rebuilding.

Monte Sant'Angelo
Sanctuary from c. 490 CE · Apulia, Italy

Monte Sant'Angelo

The oldest shrine of Michael in the West — a cave the archangel is said to have consecrated himself.

Skellig Michael
Monastery c. 600 CE · Ireland

Skellig Michael

Beehive cells on a sea-crag at the edge of the known world — the first bead on the Michael axis.

The Kaaba, Mecca
Pre-Islamic; rededicated 630 CE · Saudi Arabia

The Kaaba, Mecca

The cube at the centre of a billion daily compass bearings — the world's strongest living example of sacred orientation.

Mont-Saint-Michel
Sanctuary from 708 CE; abbey from 966 · Normandy, France

Mont-Saint-Michel

'The wonder of the West' — an abbey grown like a crystal on a tidal rock, dedicated to the weigher of souls.

Chaco Canyon
c. 850–1150 CE · New Mexico, USA

Chaco Canyon

Great houses in a barren canyon, tied to the horizon by roads that go nowhere.

Sacra di San Michele
c. 983 CE · Piedmont, Italy

Sacra di San Michele

An abbey grafted onto an alpine peak, midpoint of the sword-straight line of Michael sanctuaries.

St Michael's Mount
Monastery c. 1135 CE; older cult site · Cornwall, England

St Michael's Mount

A tidal island where, legend says, fishermen saw the archangel of high places in 495 CE.

Other types of site